Israel is located in the Middle East, strategically positioned along the eastern coastline of the Mediterranean Sea, bordered to the west by the Mediterranean itself, to the north by Lebanon, to the northeast by Syria, to the east by Jordan, and to the southwest by Egypt. This unique geographical positioning places Israel at the crossroads of Africa and Asia, contributing to its historical significance as a cultural and trade nexus for centuries. The country's diverse landscape includes coastal plains, mountain ranges, and the Negev Desert in the south, making it ecologically varied despite its relatively small size of approximately 22,000 square kilometers (8,500 square miles). The capital city, Jerusalem, holds profound historical and religious significance, while other major cities like Tel Aviv and Haifa are pivotal economic and cultural centers. Israel's location has historically made it a focal point for various civilizations and empires, leading to a complex tapestry of cultural influences that continue to shape its identity today. The geopolitical significance of Israel's location cannot be understated, as it is surrounded by nations with whom it has had both contentious and cooperative relationships, impacting regional dynamics, security policies, and international relations.