The end of the Viking Age is typically marked by the year 1066, when Norwegian King Harald Hardrada was defeated at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in England. This loss symbolized the diminishing influence of Viking warriors in Europe. Several factors contributed to the decline of Viking power, including the spread of Christianity, which gradually replaced Norse paganism and discouraged traditional Viking raids. Additionally, as European societies developed stronger, more organized defenses, the Vikings faced increased resistance. Political changes within Scandinavia led to the consolidation of territories under kings who discouraged raiding in favor of trade and alliances. Economic changes also played a role; as trade routes expanded, raiding became less profitable compared to commerce. By the late 11th century, Vikings had largely assimilated into the Christian European social structure, marking the end of their distinct warrior culture.