Handling large JSON payloads in Node.js can lead to performance issues, as parsing large data can block the event loop, making your app unresponsive. To handle this efficiently, consider using JSON streams, which allow you to process the data incrementally rather than loading the entire payload into memory at once. Libraries like `JSONStream` or `stream-json` help with this. If splitting the payload is an option, break the data into smaller chunks and process each piece separately. For extremely large payloads, consider offloading heavy parsing tasks to worker threads, which can process the data in parallel without blocking the main event loop. Optimizing the handling of large JSON payloads ensures your app remains responsive even when dealing with high data volumes.