Time limit exceeded (TLE) errors occur when your solution takes too long to run, exceeding the time limit set by the problem. To avoid TLE errors, the first step is to optimize the time complexity of your algorithm. Replace inefficient solutions like O(n^2) with more efficient ones like O(n log n) or O(n) when possible. Understanding common algorithm patterns and data structures like binary search, dynamic programming, or segment trees can help you solve problems more efficiently. Additionally, using faster input and output methods, especially for large datasets, can shave off precious milliseconds and prevent TLE errors.