Stack overflow errors are common in competitive programming when recursive functions call themselves too deeply, exhausting the stack memory allocated for function calls. This typically occurs in problems requiring extensive recursion, where each function call adds a new frame to the stack. Converting recursive functions to iterative solutions can prevent stack overflow by avoiding deep function calls. If recursion is necessary, optimizing by pruning unnecessary calls or using tail recursion (if supported by your language) can reduce stack use. Checking the problem’s input constraints to ensure recursion limits are met is also helpful. Managing recursion carefully is essential to avoid stack overflow, particularly in complex problems that involve deep nesting or extensive backtracking.