Time and space complexity are crucial factors in competitive programming because they determine whether your solution will run within the given constraints. Time complexity refers to how the running time of your algorithm increases with the size of the input, while space complexity refers to how much memory your algorithm uses. The goal in competitive programming is to ensure that your solution runs efficiently even for the largest inputs. Typically, problems come with constraints that limit the size of inputs, and understanding the relationship between these constraints and your algorithm's complexity is essential. For instance, if the input size is up to 10^5, an O(n log n) algorithm might run within the time limit, but an O(n^2) algorithm will likely be too slow. Similarly, if you're working with large data sets, you need to be mindful of how much memory your algorithm consumes to avoid exceeding space limits. Analyzing the worst-case scenario of your algorithm helps you predict whether it will run efficiently within the problem's constraints. To improve your ability to analyze time and space complexity, practice solving problems with large input sizes and learn how to optimize both time and space in your code.