A priority queue is a specialized data structure where each element has a priority, and elements are served based on their priority rather than their insertion order. In TypeScript, you can implement a priority queue using a binary heap, a complete binary tree where each parent node is either greater than or less than its children (max-heap or min-heap). In a priority queue, the element with the highest priority is dequeued first. The two main operations are `enqueue` (insert) and `dequeue` (remove the element with the highest priority), both of which can be implemented with O(log n) time complexity in a binary heap. Priority queues are commonly used in algorithms like Dijkstra’s shortest path, Huffman coding, and scheduling processes in operating systems. Implementing a priority queue in TypeScript helps you manage data that requires ordering based on priority.