Problem analysis is the first and most crucial step in competitive programming, as it sets the foundation for an efficient solution. Start by carefully reading the problem statement and paying close attention to constraints and edge cases. Identifying input-output patterns can reveal whether a specific algorithm or data structure is appropriate. Brainstorm potential solutions and consider their time and space complexities relative to the problem’s constraints. Testing your thought process on simple examples is a good way to verify your approach before coding. Analyzing a problem thoroughly reduces coding errors and often leads to more optimized solutions, which is especially valuable in timed competitions.