picfit

.. image:: https://d262ilb51hltx0.cloudfront.net/max/800/1*oR04S6Ie7s1JctwjsDsN0w.png

picfit is a reusable Go server to manipulate images (resize, thumbnail, etc.).

It will act as a proxy on your storage engine and will be served ideally behind an HTTP cache system like varnish_.

It supports multiple storage backends <https://github.com/ulule/gostorages>_ and multiple key/value stores <https://github.com/ulule/gokvstores>_.

Installation

Build it

1. Make sure you have a Go language compiler and git installed.
2. Make sure you have the following go system dependencies in your $PATH: bzr, svn, hg, git
3. Ensure your GOPATH_ is properly set.
4. Download it:

::

git clone https://github.com/thoas/picfit.git

4. Run make build

You have now a binary version of picfit in the bin directory which fits perfectly with your architecture.

picfit has also a Docker integration to built a unix binary without having to install it

::

make docker-build

Debian and Ubuntu

We will provide Debian package when we will be completely stable ;)

Configuration

Configuration should be stored in a readable file and in JSON format.

The location of the configuration is specified by --config or the PICFIT_CONFIG_PATH environment variable.

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "kvstore": {
    "type": "[KVSTORE]"
  },
  "storage": {
    "src": {
      "type": "[STORAGE]"
    }
  }
}

[KVSTORE] can be:

• redis - generated keys stored in Redis_, see below <#store-images-on-amazon-s3-keys-in-redis-and-shard-filename>_ how you can customize connection parameters
• cache - generated keys stored in an in-memory cache
• redis-cluster - generated keys stored in Redis cluster <https://redis.io/topics/cluster-tutorial>_
• redis-roundrobin - generated keys stored in Redis_, using multiple replicas to read keys, picfit will automatically detects a write error and round robin to the primary

[STORAGE] can be:

• fs - generated images stored in your File system
• http+fs - generated images stored in your File system and loaded using HTTP protocol
• s3 - generated images stored in Amazon S3
• dos3 - generated images stored in DigitalOcean S3
• gcs - generated images stored in Google Cloud Storage
• http+s3 - generated images stored in Amazon S3 and loaded using HTTP protocol
• http+dos3 - generated images stored in DigitalOcean S3 and loaded using HTTP protocol

Basic

• no key/value store
• no image storage
• images are given in absolute url

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "port": 3001
}

Images are generated on the fly at each request.

Store images on file system and keys in an in-memory cache

• key/value in-memory store
• file system storage

An image is generated from your source storage (src) and uploaded asynchronously to this storage.

A unique key is generated and stored in a in-memory key/value store to process a request only once.

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "port": 3001,
  "storage": {
    "src": {
      "type": "fs",
      "location": "/path/to/directory/"
    }
  },
  "kvstore": {
    "type": "cache"
  }
}

Store images on DigitalOcean S3

It's mostly the same as Amazon S3 storage, the difference are accepted regions So, regions can be:

• nyc1
• nyc2
• nyc3
• ams2
• ams3
• sfo1
• sfo2
• sgp1
• lon1
• fra1
• tor1
• blr1

Store images on Amazon S3, keys in Redis and shard filename

• key/value store provided by Redis
• Amazon S3 storage
• shard filename

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "kvstore": {
    "type": "redis",
    "redis": {
      "host": "127.0.0.1",
      "port": 6379,
      "password": "",
      "db": 0
    }
  },
  "port": 3001,
  "storage": {
    "src": {
      "type": "s3",
      "access_key_id": "[ACCESS_KEY_ID]",
      "secret_access_key": "[SECRET_ACCESS_KEY]",
      "bucket_name": "[BUCKET_NAME]",
      "acl": "[ACL]",
      "region": "[REGION_NAME]",
      "location": "path/to/directory",
      "endpoint": "[protocol://service-code.region-code.amazonaws.com]"
    }
  },
  "shard": {
    "width": 1,
    "depth": 2,
    "restonly": true
  }
}

Keys will be stored on Redis_, (you better need to setup persistence_).

Image files will be loaded and stored on Amazon S3 at the location path/to/directory in the bucket [BUCKET_NAME].

[ACL] can be:

• private
• public-read
• public-read-write
• authenticated-read
• bucket-owner-read
• bucket-owner-full-control

[REGION_NAME] can be:

• us-gov-west-1
• us-east-1
• us-west-1
• us-west-2
• eu-west-1
• eu-central-1
• ap-southeast-1
• ap-southeast-2
• ap-northeast-1
• sa-east-1
• cn-north-1

Filename will be sharded:

• depth - 2 directories
• width - 1 letter for each directory
• restonly - true, filename won't contain characters in sharding path

Example:

06102586671300cd02ae90f1faa16897.png will become 0/6/102586671300cd02ae90f1faa16897.jpg

with restonly=false it would become 0/6/06102586671300cd02ae90f1faa16897.jpg

It would be useful if you are using the file system storage backend.

Load images from file system and store them in Amazon S3, keys on Redis cluster

• key/value store provided by Redis cluster
• File system to load images
• Amazon S3 storage to process images

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "kvstore": {
    "type": "redis-cluster",
    "redis": {
      "addrs": [
        "127.0.0.1:6379"
      ],
      "password": "",
    }
  },
  "port": 3001,
  "storage": {
    "src": {
      "type": "fs",
      "location": "path/to/directory"
    },
    "dst": {
      "type": "s3",
      "access_key_id": "[ACCESS_KEY_ID]",
      "secret_access_key": "[SECRET_ACCESS_KEY]",
      "bucket_name": "[BUCKET_NAME]",
      "acl": "[ACL]",
      "region": "[REGION_NAME]",
      "location": "path/to/directory",
      "endpoint": "[protocol://service-code.region-code.amazonaws.com]"
    }
  }
}

You will be able to load and store your images from different storages backend.

In this example, images will be loaded from the file system storage and generated to the Amazon S3 storage.

Keys stored in Redis with multiple replicas

• key/value store provided by Redis with replicas

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "kvstore": {
    "type": "redis-roundrobin",
    "redis-roundrobin": {
      "addrs": [
        "redis://127.0.0.1:6379?db=0",
        "redis://127.0.0.1:6380?db=0"
      ]
    }
  },
  "port": 3001
}

Load images from storage backend base url, store them in Amazon S3, keys prefixed on Redis

• key/value store provided by Redis
• File system to load images using HTTP method
• Amazon S3 storage to process images

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "kvstore": {
    "type": "redis",
    "redis": {
      "host": "127.0.0.1",
      "port": 6379,
      "password": "",
      "db": 0
    },
    "prefix": "dummy:"
  },
  "port": 3001,
  "storage": {
    "src": {
      "type": "http+fs",
      "base_url": "http://media.example.com",
      "location": "path/to/directory"
    },
    "dst": {
      "type": "s3",
      "access_key_id": "[ACCESS_KEY_ID]",
      "secret_access_key": "[SECRET_ACCESS_KEY]",
      "bucket_name": "[BUCKET_NAME]",
      "acl": "[ACL]",
      "region": "[REGION_NAME]",
      "location": "path/to/directory"
    }
  }
}

In this example, images will be loaded from the file system storage using HTTP with base_url option and generated to the Amazon S3 storage.

Keys will be stored on Redis_ using the prefix dummy:.

Running

To run the application, issue the following command:

::

$ picfit -c config.json

By default, this will run the application on port 3001 and can be accessed by visiting:

::

http://localhost:3001

The port number can be configured with port option in your config file.

To see a list of all available options, run:

::

$ picfit --help

Usage

General parameters

Parameters to call the picfit service are:

.. code-block:: html

<img src="http://localhost:3001/{method}?url={url}&path={path}&w={width}&h={height}&upscale={upscale}&sig={sig}&op={operation}&fmt={format}&q={quality}&deg={degree}&pos={position}&filter={filter}"

• path - The filepath to load the image using your source storage
• operation - The operation to perform, see Operations_
• sig - The signature key which is the representation of your query string and your secret key, see Security_
• method - The method to perform, see Methods_
• url - The url of the image to generate (not required if path provided)
• width - The desired width of the image, if 0 is provided the service will calculate the ratio with height
• height - The desired height of the image, if 0 is provided the service will calculate the ratio with width
• upscale - If your image is smaller than your desired dimensions, the service will upscale it by default to fit your dimensions, you can disable this behavior by providing 0
• format - The output format to save the image, by default the format will be the source format (a GIF image source will be saved as GIF), see Formats_
• quality - The quality to save the image, by default the quality will be the highest possible, it will be only applied on JPEG format
• degree - The degree (90, 180, 270) to rotate the image
• position - The position to flip the image
• filter - The filter for the effect operation (blur)

To use this service, include the service url as replacement for your images, for example:

.. code-block:: html

<img src="https://www.google.fr/images/srpr/logo11w.png" />

will become:

.. code-block:: html

<img src="http://localhost:3001/display?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.fr%2Fimages%2Fsrpr%2Flogo11w.png&w=100&h=100&op=resize&upscale=0"

This will retrieve the image used in the url parameter and resize it to 100x100.

Using source storage

If an image is stored in your source storage at the location path/to/file.png, then you can call the service to load this file:

.. code-block:: html

<img src="http://localhost:3001/display?w=100&h=100&path=path/to/file.png&op=resize"

or

<img src="http://localhost:3001/display/resize/100x100/path/to/file.png"

Formats

picfit currently supports the following image formats:

• image/jpeg with the keyword jpg or jpeg
• image/png with the keyword png
• image/gif with the keyword gif
• image/bmp with the keyword bmp
• image/webp with the keyword webp

Operations

Noop

This operation will keep the actual size of the image without doing anything.

You have to pass the noop value to the op parameter to use this operation.

Resize

This operation will able you to resize the image to the specified width and height.

If width or height value is 0, the image aspect ratio is preserved.

• w - The desired image's width
• h - The desired image's height

You have to pass the resize value to the op parameter to use this operation.

Thumbnail

Thumbnail scales the image up or down using the specified resample filter, crops it to the specified width and height and returns the transformed image.

• w - The desired width of the image
• h - The desired height of the image

You have to pass the thumbnail value to the op parameter to use this operation.

Flip

Flip flips the image vertically (from top to bottom) or horizontally (from left to right) and returns the transformed image.

• pos - The desired position to flip the image, h will flip the image horizontally, v will flip the image vertically

You have to pass the flip value to the op parameter to use this operation.

Rotate

Rotate rotates the image to the desired degree and returns the transformed image.

• deg - The desired degree to rotate the image

You have to pass the rotate value to the op parameter to use this operation.

Flat

Flat draws a given image on the image resulted by the previous operation. Flat can be used only with the [multiple operation system].

• path - the foreground image path
• color - the foreground color in Hex (without #), default is transparent
• pos - the destination rectangle

In order to understand the Flat operation, please read the following docs <https://github.com/thoas/picfit/blob/main/docs/flat.md>_.

Effect

Add effect to the given image.

• filter - The desired effect : blur

You have to pass the effect value to the op parameter to use this operation.

Methods

Display

Display the image, useful when you are using an img tag.

The generated image will be stored asynchronously on your destination storage backend.

A couple of headers (Content-Type, If-Modified-Since) will be set to allow you to use an http cache system.

Redirect

Redirect to an image.

Your file will be generated synchronously then the redirection will be performed.

The first query will be slower but next ones will be faster because the name of the generated file will be stored in your key/value store.

Get

Retrieve information about an image.

Your file will be generated synchronously then you will get the following information:

• filename - Filename of your generated file
• path - Path of your generated file
• url - Absolute url of your generated file (only if base_url is available on your destination storage)

The first query will be slower but next ones will be faster because the name of the generated file will be stored in your key/value store.

Expect the following result:

.. code-block:: json

{
    "filename":"a661f8d197a42d21d0190d33e629e4.png",
    "path":"cache/6/7/a661f8d197a42d21d0190d33e629e4.png",
    "url":"https://ds9xhxfkunhky.cloudfront.net/cache/6/7/a661f8d197a42d21d0190d33e629e4.png"
}

Upload

Upload is disabled by default for security reason. Before enabling it, you must understand you have to secure yourself this endpoint like only allowing the /upload route in your nginx or apache webserver for the local network.

Exposing the /upload endpoint without a security mechanism is not SAFE.

You can enable it by adding the option and a source storage to your configuration file.

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "storage": {
    "src": {
      "type": "[STORAGE]"
    }
  },
  "options": {
    "enable_upload": true
  }
}

To work properly, the input field must be named "data"

Test it with the excellent httpie_:

::

http -f POST localhost:3000/upload data@myupload

You will retrieve the uploaded image information in JSON format.

Multiple operations

Multiple operations can be done on the same image following a given order.

First operation must be described as above then other operation are described in parameters op. The order of op parameters is the order used.

Each options of the operation must be described with subparameters separated by : with the operation name as argument to op.

Example of a resize followed by a rotation:

.. code-block:: html

<img src="http://localhost:3001/display?w=100&h=100&path=path/to/file.png&op=resize&op=op:rotate+deg:180"

Security

Request signing

In order to secure requests and avoid unknown third parties to use the service, the application can require a request to provide a signature. To enable this feature, set the secret_key option in your config file.

The signature is an hexadecimal digest generated from the client key and the query string using the HMAC-SHA1 message authentication code (MAC) algorithm.

The below python code provides an implementation example:

.. code-block:: python

import hashlib
import hmac
import six
import urllib

def sign(key, *args, **kwargs):
    m = hmac.new(key, None, hashlib.sha1)

    for arg in args:
        if isinstance(arg, dict):
            m.update(urllib.urlencode(arg))
        elif isinstance(arg, six.string_types):
            m.update(arg)

    return m.hexdigest()

The implementation has to sort keys in alphabetical order and encodes query string to generate a proper signature.

The signature is passed to the application by appending the sig parameter to the query string; e.g. w=100&h=100&sig=c9516346abf62876b6345817dba2f9a0c797ef26.

Note, the application does not include the leading question mark when verifying the supplied signature. To verify your signature implementation, see the signature command described in the Tools_ section.

Limiting allowed sizes

Depending on your use case it may be more appropriate to simply restrict the image sizes picfit is allowed to generate. See the Allowed sizes_ section for more information on this configuration.

Tools

To verify that your client application is generating correct signatures, use the command::

$ picfit signature --key=abcdef "w=100&h=100&op=resize"
Query String: w=100&h=100&op=resize
Signature: 6f7a667559990dee9c30fb459b88c23776fad25e
Signed Query String: w=100&h=100&op=resize&sig=6f7a667559990dee9c30fb459b88c23776fad25e

Error reporting

picfit logs events by default in stderr and stdout. You can implement sentry_ to log errors using raven_.

To enable this feature, set sentry option in your config file.

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "sentry": {
    "dsn": "[YOUR_SENTRY_DSN]",
    "tags": {
      "foo": "bar"
    }
  }
}

Debug

Debug is disabled by default.

To enable this feature set debug option to true in your config file:

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "debug": true
}

CORS

picfit supports CORS headers customization in your config file.

To enable this feature, set allowed_origins, allowed_headers and allowed_methods, for example:

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "allowed_headers": ["Content-Type", "Authorization", "Accept", "Accept-Encoding", "Accept-Language"],
  "allowed_origins": ["*.ulule.com"],
  "allowed_methods": ["GET", "HEAD"]
}

Image engine

Quality

The quality rendering of the image engine can be controlled globally without adding it at each request:

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "engine": {
    "quality": 70
  }
}

With this option, each image will be saved in 70 quality.

By default the quality is the highest possible: 95

Format

The format can be forced globally without adding it at each request:

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "engine": {
    "format": "png"
  }
}

With this option, each image will be forced to be saved in .png.

By default the format will be chosen in this order:

• The fmt parameter if exists in query string
• The original image format
• The default format provided in the application <https://github.com/thoas/picfit/blob/master/application/constants.go#L6>_

Options

Deletion

Deletion is disabled by default for security reason, you can enable it in your config:

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "options": {
    "enable_delete": true
  }
}

You will be able to delete root image and its children, for example if you upload an image with the file path /foo/bar.png, you can delete the main image on stockage by sending the following HTTP request:

::

DELETE https://localhost:3001/foo/bar.png

or delete a child:

::

DELETE https://localhost:3001/display/thumbnail/100x100/foo/bar.png

If you want to delete the main image and cascade its children, you can enable it in your config:

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "options": {
    "enable_delete": true,
    "enable_cascade_delete": true
  }
}

when a new image will be processed, it will be linked to the main image and stored in the kvstore.

Upload

Upload is disabled by default for security reason, you can enable it in your config:

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "options": {
    "enable_upload": true
  }
}

Stats

Stats are disabled by default, you can enable them in your config.

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "options": {
    "enable_stats": true
  }
}

It will store various information about your web application (response time, status code count, etc.).

To access these information, you can visit: http://localhost:3001/sys/stats

Health

Health is disabled by default, you can enable it in your config.

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "options": {
    "enable_stats": true
  }
}

It will show various internal information about the Go runtime (memory, allocations, etc.).

To access these information, you can visit: http://localhost:3001/sys/health

Profiler

Profiler is disabled by default, you can enable it in your config.

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "options": {
    "enable_pprof": true
  }
}

It will start pprof_ then use the pprof tool to look at the heap profile:

::

go tool pprof http://localhost:3001/debug/pprof/heap

Or to look at a 30-second CPU profile:

::

go tool pprof http://localhost:3001/debug/pprof/profile

Or to look at the goroutine blocking profile, after calling runtime.SetBlockProfileRate in your program:

::

go tool pprof http://localhost:3001/debug/pprof/block

Or to collect a 5-second execution trace:

::

wget http://localhost:3001/debug/pprof/trace?seconds=5

Logging

By default the logger level is debug, you can change it in your config:

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "logger": {
    "level": "info"
  }
}

Levels available are:

• debug
• info
• error
• warning

Allowed sizes

To restrict the sizes picfit is allowed to generate you may specify the allowed_sizes option as an array of sizes. Note that if you omit a width or height from a size it will allow requests that exclude height or width to preserve aspect ratio.

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "options": {
    "allowed_sizes": [
      {"width": 1920, "height": 1080},
      {"width": 720, "height": 480},
      {"width": 480}
    ]
  }
}

IP Address restriction

You can restrict access to upload, stats, health, delete and pprof endpoints by enabling restriction in your config:

config.json

.. code-block:: json

{
  "options": {
    "allowed_ip_addresses": [
      "127.0.0.1"
    ]
  }
}

Deployment

It's recommended that the application run behind a CDN for larger applications or behind varnish for smaller ones.

Provisioning is handled by Ansible_, you will find files in the repository <https://github.com/thoas/picfit/tree/master/provisioning>_.

You must have Ansible_ installed on your laptop, basically if you have python already installed you can do ::

$ pip install ansible

Roadmap

see issues <https://github.com/thoas/picfit/issues>_

Don't hesitate to send patch or improvements.

Clients

Client libraries will help you generate picfit urls with your secret key.

• picfit-go <https://github.com/ulule/picfit-go>_: a Go client library

In production

• Ulule_: an european crowdfunding platform

Inspirations

• pilbox_
• thumbor <https://github.com/thumbor/thumbor>_
• trousseau <https://github.com/oleiade/trousseau>_

Thanks to these beautiful projects.

.. _GOPATH: http://golang.org/doc/code.html#GOPATH .. _Redis: http://redis.io/ .. _Redis cluster: https://redis.io/topics/cluster-tutorial .. _pilbox: https://github.com/agschwender/pilbox .. _varnish: https://www.varnish-cache.org/ .. _persistence: http://redis.io/topics/persistence .. _Ansible: http://www.ansible.com/home .. _Ulule: http://www.ulule.com .. _sentry: https://github.com/getsentry/sentry .. _raven: https://github.com/getsentry/raven-go .. _httpie: https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie .. _pprof: https://blog.golang.org/profiling-go-programs